Battle.

The construction of the warehouses and industrial facilities across the River Thames in Rainham, opposite Erith continues; as I have previously written, the land adjacent to the river bank was previously an open field. The land was relatively affordable for the developers, and its close proximity to both the M25 and A13 made it desirable for industrial and storage use. I have to admit that until I did some research, I was of the opinion that Rainham was little more than an area of wasteland that had at one time hosted a large rubbish tip and a small bird sanctuary. I was wrong - Rainham has a lot of very interesting history. Rainham's roots can be traced back to Saxon times, with the town's name believed to have originated from "Rahanham", meaning "homestead or village of the roe deer." Its long history is etched in the cobblestone streets, centuries-old buildings, and landmarks that dot its landscape. The parish church of St. Helen and St. Giles, a Grade II-listed structure, serves as a testament to Rainham's historical significance. The Rainham Marshes, a designated nature reserve managed by the Royal Society for the Protection of Birds (RSPB), showcases the town's commitment to preserving its ecological heritage. The marshes offer a haven for birdwatchers and nature enthusiasts, providing a sanctuary for various bird species and wildlife. The town has seen urban developments that blend seamlessly with its heritage, striking a balance between preserving its past and embracing a dynamic future. This approach is most evident in the Rainham Hall, an 18th-century National Trust property that has been restored to provide a glimpse into the town's bygone era while serving as a cultural hub for art exhibitions, workshops, and events.  Comments to me at hugh.neal@gmail.com.

Last week I wrote an article about the forthcoming closure of the BBC Radio 4 Long Wave service. Not long after I published the piece, I received a number of emails from concerned readers, not only about the future loss of the Long Wave radio service from the BBC, but also worried that radio controlled clocks and watches might stop getting updates, as the readers were aware that the devices got timing updates from Long Wave radio. Here is a piece that explains the reality of the situation, along with a small amount of technical background. In an increasingly interconnected world, accurate timekeeping is a critical component that underpins various aspects of our daily lives, from communication networks to financial transactions and scientific research. The UK MSF radio signal stands as a testament to the country's commitment to providing a reliable and precise standard for time and frequency synchronization. This dedicated broadcast - which has no connection with the BBC Radio 4 broadcast on 198 kHz Long Wave has played a pivotal role in maintaining synchronisation across a myriad of sectors and has emerged as an indispensable tool for global coordination. The UK MSF radio signal, short for "Time from NPL" (National Physical Laboratory), was first established in the 1960s as a dedicated standard-frequency and time broadcast. The National Physical Laboratory, based in Teddington, London, is responsible for generating the atomic time scale used to maintain Coordinated Universal Time (UTC), which serves as the basis for civil timekeeping around the world. Recognizing the necessity for a reliable and easily accessible time synchronization source, the UK MSF radio signal was developed to disseminate this vital information to a diverse range of users. The UK MSF radio signal operates on a frequency of 60 kHz and broadcasts from Anthorn Radio Station in Cumbria (photo above - click on it to see a larger view). This low-frequency signal is capable of covering large geographic areas, making it particularly effective for national and even international synchronisation efforts. The signal encodes accurate time information by modulating the carrier wave using amplitude-shift keying (ASK) at a rate of one pulse per second. Furthermore, the phase of the carrier wave is adjusted to align with UTC, ensuring that the transmitted time remains in lockstep with the official international time standard. The reach and precision of the UK MSF radio signal have led to its adoption in numerous sectors, each of which relies on accurate timekeeping for optimal functioning. Telecommunications and Network Synchronisation:- Telecommunication networks, including mobile phone systems and the Internet, rely on precise timekeeping to manage data traffic and ensure smooth operation. The UK MSF radio signal serves as a critical reference for network synchronisation, helping to minimize signal interference and maintain efficient data transmission. Financial Transactions:- The financial sector depends heavily on accurate timekeeping for time stamping trades, transactions, and market data. The UK MSF radio signal plays a crucial role in maintaining consistency across financial platforms, reducing discrepancies and potential errors. Scientific Research and GPS Systems:- Scientific experiments and research projects often require precise time synchronisation for data collection and analysis. Additionally, the signal contributes to the functioning of GPS systems, enabling accurate global positioning and navigation. Industrial and Power Grid Operations:- Industrial processes, power generation, and distribution systems rely on synchronised timekeeping to coordinate operations and maintain grid stability. The UK MSF radio signal aids in preventing disruptions and optimizing energy management. Emergency Services and Public Infrastructure:- Public safety services, such as emergency response systems and transportation networks, utilize accurate time synchronisation for coordination and safety measures. The signal ensures that these critical systems operate seamlessly. The UK MSF radio signal represents a remarkable achievement in the realm of timekeeping and synchronization. Its establishment and continued operation underscore the significance of accurate time information in maintaining the smooth functioning of modern society. As technology advances and global connectivity deepens, the UK MSF radio signal remains a steadfast beacon of precision, ensuring that the threads of time are woven seamlessly across industries and borders. The BBC may be leaving Long Wave in the future, but the UK MSF time utility broadcast will remain. 

On a further radio related topic, Gold’s 1548 kHz AM London frequency will be turned off at the end of September by multinational radio station owner Global. The station, which started life as Capital Radio, then Capital Gold, has been on medium wave in London since it launched in October 1973 – almost 50 years ago. It was originally on 557 kHz (539m) before switching to its current frequency, the well known 194m, in 1975. Station owner Global has been switching off its network of AM transmitters recently, with Peterborough/Cambridge (1332 kHz), Derby (945 kHz), Nottingham (999 kHz) and Northampton (1557 kHz) all going silent in June 2023. From September, Gold will only have one AM frequency remaining, in Manchester on 1458 kHz, but remains available nationally via DAB digital radio. The switch off of AM broadcasts in the UK is becoming widespread, and is down to a number of interconnected reasons. One of the primary reasons for the closure of AM services is the rapid advancement of technology in the broadcasting industry. FM (Frequency Modulation) and digital platforms offer better sound quality and less susceptibility to interference compared to AM. Additionally, digital platforms allow for more efficient use of the radio spectrum. AM radio has faced a decline in listenership over the years, especially among younger audiences. Many listeners prefer FM or digital platforms due to the superior sound quality and a wider range of content options. This decline in audience engagement can lead to reduced advertising revenue, making it financially challenging to maintain AM services. AM transmitters require significant maintenance and incur operational costs. As technology evolves, maintaining older equipment can become more expensive and less cost-effective compared to newer broadcasting methods. AM signals are more susceptible to interference from various sources, such as electrical equipment, atmospheric conditions, and other radio signals. This can lead to a decrease in audio quality and reliability, which may deter listeners. he UK has been investing in digital radio platforms such as DAB (Digital Audio Broadcasting) and DAB+ as part of its efforts to modernize the broadcasting landscape. These platforms potentially offer better audio quality, more station options, and interactive features. This shift towards digital broadcasting could contribute to the decline of AM services. Having said all of this, some independent stations do continue to operate on AM - specifically Radio Caroline on 648 kHz AM, though they also broadcast in some areas on DAB+, and they were a UK pioneer in high quality stereo online streaming. As previously mentioned, they were also the first radio station in the UK to power their AM transmitter using solar energy. You can read more about Radio Caroline here. 

Did you know that Crayford was once the location of a battle that determined much of the history of England during the early Middle Ages? The annals of history are punctuated by moments of profound significance, where the destinies of nations and cultures hang in the balance. One such moment occurred in 457 AD, at a place known as Crecganford, believed to be modern-day Crayford. This pivotal battle between the Anglo-Saxons and the Britons marked a turning point in the dynamics of power and influence in early medieval Britain. By the mid-5th century, the British Isles were a patchwork of competing kingdoms, where Celtic Britons and Anglo-Saxon invaders vied for supremacy. The Roman legions had withdrawn from Britain centuries prior, leaving a power vacuum that both the native Britons and the Germanic Anglo-Saxons sought to fill. This era was characterised by migrations, conflicts, and the forging of new identities. The Anglo-Saxons, a collection of Germanic tribes, had been migrating to Britain since the late Roman period. By the mid-5th century, they had established several kingdoms in England. One of the key kingdoms was that of the Jutes, whose power centre was located in Kent. The Anglo-Saxons sought to expand their territory and exert dominance over the native Britons. The native Britons, descendants of the Celtic tribes who had inhabited the island for centuries, fiercely resisted the encroachment of the Anglo-Saxons. Led by their local chieftains and warlords, they defended their lands and sought to repel the invaders. The battle at Crecganford would become a defining moment in this ongoing struggle. In 457 AD, the Anglo-Saxon forces, led by Hengest and his brother Horsa, confronted the Britons near Crecganford. The details of the battle are shrouded in the mists of time, with historical accounts often conflating with legend and mythology. What is clear, however, is that the two sides clashed in a fierce and brutal engagement. The Anglo-Saxons emerged victorious from the battle, securing a significant foothold in the region. This victory allowed them to consolidate their power in Kent and establish a foundation for future expansions. The battle's outcome also had broader implications for the balance of power in Britain, shaping the course of subsequent conflicts and alliances. The Battle of Crecganford left an indelible mark on the historical tapestry of Britain. It signified the Anglo-Saxon ascendancy and their gradual absorption of British territories. The Jutish victory at Crecganford facilitated the establishment of a new ruling elite in the region, setting the stage for the development of Anglo-Saxon England. The Battle of Crecganford in 457 AD stands as a testament to the tumultuous and transformative nature of the early medieval period in Britain. This clash between the Anglo-Saxons and the Britons, occurring at what is thought to be modern Crayford, represents a critical chapter in the island's history. It serves as a poignant reminder of the complex interactions, conflicts, and adaptations that shaped the destiny of nations during a time of profound change.

The damaged Volkswagen Passat saloon car has been parked on a yellow line outside of All Saint's Church in Nuxley Road, Upper Belvedere for nearly two weeks. Both driver and passenger airbags went off in what must have been a violent collision. If you were a witness to the accident, or have any information as to exactly what happened, then please email me in confidence to hugh.neal@gmail.com.

A further car related story, which is a piece of local history. It is not very well known that Erith was the birthplace of a man who could well have gone on to be a Formula One world racing champion, had he not met an untimely end in a plane crash. Tony Brise was born in Erith, and was a promising racing driver, who took part in ten Formula One Grand Prix events in 1975, before dying in a plane crash with Graham Hill. Born on March 28, 1952, Tony Brise exhibited an early affinity for speed and competition. His foray into motor sports began at a young age, with karting serving as his initial training ground. Brise's natural aptitude for racing became evident as he quickly climbed the ranks of karting, setting the stage for a transition to more powerful racing categories. Brise's breakthrough came when he transitioned to single-seater racing. His talent shone through in Formula Ford, a popular stepping stone for aspiring racers. He showcased remarkable consistency and speed, earning recognition and respect from both his peers and seasoned motor sport professionals. Brise's ability to handle a racing car with finesse caught the attention of the Formula 1 team, Graham Hill Racing, owned by the legendary Graham Hill himself. In the 1975 Formula One season, Tony Brise made his debut as a Formula One driver with Graham Hill Racing. Despite the challenges of competing against established competitors, Brise's performances displayed his immense potential. His driving style combined aggressiveness with precision, a blend that promised success in the years to come.Tragedy, however, cast a dark shadow over Brise's promising career. On November 29, 1975, a plane crash claimed the lives of Tony Brise, Graham Hill, and several other members of the racing team. Graham Hill and Brise, along with Andy Smallman, the team's designer, and three team mechanics, were returning to London from southern France, where they were testing a new race car, the GH2. The Embassy Hill plane, a twin-engine six-seat Piper PA-23-250 Turbo Aztec D, registration marked as N6645Y piloted by Hill, was attempting to land at Elstree Airfield at night in thick fog when it crashed into trees and burned at Arkley golf course, killing all six aboard. Tony Brise was just 23 years old, and was survived by his wife Janet, daughter of triallist Reg Allen. Formula One experts think that had he lived, Tony Brise could well have been a future world champion.

The Apple iMac celebrated its' 25th birthday in the last week; The computer would be simple to use, and connect easily to the then newly popular Internet. It would also look unlike anything Apple or any of its competitors had ever made before. That computer, the original iMac, became Apple's most successful product in years. The mixture of beautiful design and functionality not only stabilised the company, but set Apple on the path to its greatest successes in the early part of the new century. The first iMac was introduced in May of 1998 and arrived on the market on August 15th of that year. The goals of the iMac project included making a machine that could easily connect with the Internet, that would achieve something close to "plug and play" functionality. A product that would get people talking about Apple again, at a time when the company had been doing very badly, and was in danger of going bust or being taken over.  Apple came up with a form factor drastically different from the PCs that were popular at the time. At the same time, it was reminiscent of Apple's all-in-one Mac line that it introduced in 1984. The original iMac was the first major Apple product designed by then newly appointed Senior Vice President of Industrial Design (now Sir) Jony Ive. The machine's unique look was a major part of the selling of the iMac. The fact that the computer used what at the time were some revolutionary technologies was a moot point - the technology was hidden behind a non - threatening, friendly exterior and intuitive user interface. The sales of the new iMacs were spectacular. Reportedly it sold 278,000 sold in its first six weeks, rising to around 800,000 by the end of 1998. According to Steve Jobs biographer Walter Isaacson: "Most notably, 32 percent of the sales went to people who were buying a computer for the first time, and another 12 percent to people who had been using Windows machines".

Bexley Fire Brigade Update - From Lee Davis, Station Commander, Sidcup, London Fire Brigade - "With the summer bank holiday just around the corner, you may be planning how to enjoy the last couple of weeks of the summer holidays. You may be planning to have some friends around to enjoy a Barbecue particularly if the weather is good. It is no coincidence that as the weather improves and temperatures rise the number of fires caused by Barbecues also rises. To have a barbecue safely, please follow the advice below.

• Never leave a lit barbecue unattended.

• Follow the safety instructions provided with disposable barbecues.

• Never use a barbecue indoors.

• Make sure your barbecue is well away from sheds, fences, trees, shrubs, or garden waste.

• Keep children, pets, and garden games away from the cooking area.

• After cooking, make sure the barbecue is cool before moving it.

• Use enough charcoal to cover the base of the barbecue, but not more.

• Empty ashes onto bare garden soil, not into dustbins or wheelie bins. If they’re hot, they can melt the       plastic and cause a fire.

• Enjoy yourself, but don’t drink too much alcohol if you are in charge of the barbecue.

• Always keep a bucket of water, sand, or a garden hose nearby for emergencies.

We are currently preparing for incidents that may occur in the coming months up to the end of the year. Our fire crews regularly train for Road traffic collisions. In the last year December 2022 was the busiest for Road accidents. September and October were not far behind in terms of the number of collisions attended by our Firefighters".

The end video this week is a historic one from back in 1936. It is a short excerpt from a Pathe News newsreel showing a devastating fire at the Vickers armaments factory in Crayford. Comments and feedback as usual to me at hugh.neal@gmail.com.